1943 - 1944 - 1945 - 1946

July:

• 10) Landing of Allies in Sicily
• 25) Mussolini's arrest

September:

• 3) Armistice in Cassabile(Sicily) signed separately
• 8) Allies makes public Armistice
•  The king and the government presided by general Badoglio escape to Brindisi, then to Salerno
•  Germans occupy the central northern Italy
•  The italian troops lack of precise orders and are overcome by the Germans
•  Mussolini is set free from Gran Sasso's prisons by the Germans
• 9) In Rome the CLN (Commitee of National Liberation) is founded, an association of parties against fascism and German occupation, Partisan formations were created
• 23) Mussolini founds the Italian Social Republic (RSI) also known as Republic of Salò, from the capital's name
•  Italy is divided in two parts: Germans and Mussolini in the northern center and south allies' under the domain of Vittorio Emanuele III in the United South

October:

• 13) Italy declares war against Germany

Partisans' war begins at north (250.000 partisan soldiers)

April:

• 12) Vittorio Emmanuele III hands over to his son Umberto II the lieutenantship

June:

• 8) Allies break through the Gustav Line and free Rome, then Florence
• The Germans gather on the Gothic Line between La Spezia and Rimini

April:

• Allies break through the Gothic Line
• 25)General insurraction of the opposition in northern Italy
• 28)Mussolini is captured near Como while he is attempting to refuge in Switzerland. He is executed with other fascist generals by the partisans.Their bodies are hanged down in Loreto Square in Milan
• 29)German forces still in Italy surrender

May:

• Vittorio Emmanuele III abdicates definitively
• Umberto II becomes king

June:

• 2)Institutional Referendum and election of constituent assembly (women vote for the first time)